The Mawlawi Derwishes (XVI-XX centuries) The Mawlawi Takiyya Jalal al-Din Rumi

Sama'

 

The sama'khana

 

 

The essential architectonic elements of the sama’khana are the dome and the underlying area devoted to the sama ceremony. Consequently, the space tends to a layout definition as a central plan. The Cairo sama’khana was one of the latest to be built during long period of the existence of the Mawlawi brotherhood. In it, like in other rare examples of the last period, the dance area is circular and everything is according to a central plan. In the development of this particular type of architecture, starting with the first central plan of Manisa (XIV century) up to the Kutaya one (XIX) cent.) both in Turkey, the Cairo sama’khana contemporary to Kutaya sama’khana constitutes the final moment of this evolution. The architectural aspects of the Cairo sama’khana are designedly simple. The interior space and the exterior volumes produce a sensation of measured harmony lending an air of balanced  tastefulness which pervades in the interior as well, were the Ottoman Baroque décor appears extremely elegant. It represents the maximum expression of geometrical and cosmological symbolism which defines the functions and the proportions of the architectural space where the sama’, the Mawlawi mystic ceremony, takes place.

The Cairo sama’khana has also been the last to remain in function after the edict (decision) of closing the takiyya and the dissolution of the Darwisches Turkish confraternities, issued by Ataturk in the year 1925.

The board with the inscription “Yah hadrat Mawlana” (Oh Sir Mawlana), placed on the post where the sheikh of the Order sat during the rite of the dance, was signed by sheikh Aziz  El Rifai in 1341 h. (1922 d. C.). This board confirms a moment of particular vitality for the shari Es –Siyufia confraternity; in fact Mohammed Abdel Aziz Rifai, who is considered the prince of the calligraphists, had written and decorated the Quran for King Fuad.

On the 13th of June 1928, the well-known Egyptian writer, Mayy Ziyada, wrote a long article in the “Al Ahram” newspaper, describing the sama’ which she attended in the takiyya. In 1932 the Mawlawi group participated with eight musical pieces in the “Congress of the Arab Music” held in Cairo.

Around the year 1945, also the Cairo Mawlawi group was dissolved and the sama’khana as well as the Hassan Sadaqa Mausoleum were abandoned.